KONSTRUKSI PENDIDIKAN TOLERANSI DALAM QS. AL-KAFIRUN [109]: 1–6: KAJIAN TAFSIR TARBAWI TERHADAP PRINSIP PENGHORMATAN PERBEDAAN AGAMA

Abstract

Tolerance education in the contemporary era is often trapped between two extremes: radical exclusivism or boundless inclusiveness (syncretism). This study aims to construct an ideal concept of religious tolerance education through a Tafsir Tarbawi (educational exegesis) analysis of QS. Al-Kafirun [109]: 1–6, focusing primarily on Tafsir Al-Misbah by M. Quraish Shihab and Tafsir Al-Maraghi by Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi. The method employed is library research with a qualitative-hermeneutic approach utilizing content analysis techniques. The results indicate that QS. Al-Kafirun builds a solid pedagogical blueprint for religious moderation through a two-dimensional dialectic. First, the internal theological dimension (verses 1–5) constructs the pillar of steadfast faith (istiqamah) and a total rejection of ritual syncretism. Second, the external sociological dimension (verse 6), through the principle of "lakum dinukum wa liya din," establishes the pillars of acknowledging plurality (tasamuh) and religious freedom for the realization of peaceful coexistence. The novelty of this research asserts that firmness in maintaining private faith boundaries is not a barrier to tolerance, but rather a primary prerequisite for building honest, healthy, and dignified interfaith relations in the public sphere. The pedagogical implications of this study demand a radical reconstruction of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum so that it is not presented apologetically, but transformatively, by integrating students' internal spiritual stability and external social flexibility.