SINTESIS NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM TEOLOGI ISLAM KLASIK DAN KONTEMPORER: KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL BAGI KEHIDUPAN KEBERAGAMAAN DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstract

Religious moderation is a pivotal concept for maintaining harmony in a pluralistic society amidst increasingly complex modern developments. While the advancement of information and communication technology in the digital era has facilitated easier access to religious information, it has also given rise to various challenges, including the spread of hoaxes, hate speech, intolerance, social polarization, and the politicization of religious identities. These conditions underscore the importance of strengthening religious moderation values that can integrate commitment to religious teachings with an open attitude toward diversity. This study aims to analyze the values of religious moderation within classical and contemporary Islamic theological thought and examine their contribution to addressing religious challenges in the modern era. This research employs a qualitative method using library research with a thematic interpretation (maudhu’i) approach. Data were collected from various literary sources, including books, scientific journals, academic articles, and relevant works of Islamic thought, which were then analyzed descriptively and critically. The results indicate that classical Islamic theology, particularly within the Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah tradition, provides a foundation for moderation through the principles of tawasuth (the middle path), tawazun (balance), i’tidal (justice), tasamuh (tolerance), and syura (consultation). Meanwhile, contemporary Islamic theology develops a more humanist orientation by emphasizing values of social justice, pluralism, liberation from injustice, and concern for humanitarian issues. The integration of the principles of balance in classical theology and the contextual approach in contemporary theology produces a religious model that is inclusive, adaptive, and responsive to social change. This study concludes that the synthesis of moderation values in classical and contemporary Islamic theology can serve as a strategic foundation for building a peaceful and tolerant religious life capable of addressing various challenges in modern society, spanning digital realms, education, public policy, and broader social life.